How to write an outline for an essay

How to write an outline for an essay The essay genre was defined at first by the French philosopher Michel de Montaigne. According to the definition, this work shows the individual considerations and expressions on a certain subject, issue or event. But the essay doesnt pretend to interpret or define the subject matter. The main goal of this paper is to represent something new with a critical, philosophical, biographical or historical meaning. Writing a successful outline Before starting your work, you have to make a solid structure of your future paper. Needless to say this part may seem a difficult job, but this will help you a lot in creating the whole essay, because you will get a clear understanding where to start, where to move and how to end your work properly. A good outline will help you to keep all your ideas well-organized and structured. The college students have a good saying: “Planning the essay saves lives or grades”? This saying is very true, because the more time you spent to write this important paper, the higher grade you may have on it as it determines how you structured your paper. During your writing, you can make some changes such as re-ordering some paragraphs, bringing some new ideas, crossing out the information you dont want to use, structuring and polishing your work. Essay outline: various types You must remember that different types of the essay require different approaches on making their structure and format. If you are working on the analytical essay outline, you should concentrate on how an article or book was written, why the song was composed, what the main idea of a movie, and why that matters. When youre creating an argumentative essay outline, you have to focus on developing the argument and disproving your opponents points of view. You need to keep in your mind this type of work has to be strong enough to persuade your audience to the author point of view. When you have to make an expository essay outline, you need to use facts, strong evidence and well done analysis to make good researches on chosen topic. This type of essay requires report structure where you should put all things in correct order. Essay outline example When you already learned things about what an essay outline is, and read about different types of essays need quite different plans of writing, lets define how the general structure of this paper should look like. ESSAY OUTLINE 1. Introduction: Topics background information, grabbing the readers attention, etc. Thesis statement. 2. Body paragraph: A. Sentences to support your topic 1. Detail/example/data/explanation 2. Detail/example/etc. B. Sentences to support your topic 1. Detail/example/etc. 2. Detail/example/etc. C. Sentences to support your topic 1. Detail/example/etc. 2. Detail/example/etc. 3. Conclusion: Re-state your thesis: write a brief summary of main ideas, and finish the work logically. We also suggest starting your outline according to the next useful tips that will help you to make a successful paper. Useful tips for making a bright outline Its important to follow rules for capitalized letters, that says first-level headers should be written with all upper-case letters; and secondary headers require upper and lower letters. All headings and subheadings should have a similar structure. For example, if you used a verb in the first header, the second should be also a verb. It must look this way: I. SELECT AN EXCITING TOPIC TO ATTRACT READERS II. MAKE AN OUTLINE FOR YOUR FUTURE WORK You need to understand the information you put in heading I, should be the same important as facts stated in heading II. The same rule works for your works subheadings (the subheadings should be placed under headings as they are less significant). It must look like this way: I. CHOOSE AND INVESTIGATE THE PROBLEM II. CHOOSE AND INVESTIGATE THE RESOURCES A. Write all important references B. Look for more sources Keep in your mind the headings information should be more generalized, and the subheadings information should be more detailed and narrowed. Here how it must look like on example: I. DESCRIBE THE PAPER YOU READ A. Exciting book B. Interesting article If needed, you can easily split any heading into many parts. You can create as many parts as you need to a specific work. This is how it must look like: I. COMPOSE YOUR COVER LETTER A. Write about your experience B. List the knowledge you gained C. Write about volunteer activities You can search good examples of essays on Internet and use them as example for writing your own work. Remember that it worth to spend your time on it because a successful outline will help you to create a logical and solid work to impress readers. If you have got any difficulties with an outline, ask your teacher or friends for some help, take advice from our article, get some inspiration from well-written papers. Of course, not each and every person was born to be a writer, so if it seems really difficult to write a good outline for your work, you can order it using professional writing services that are ready to help you with such things as writing an outline, creating the whole work and proofreading it. We hope this short guide will be helpful for you to make a well-organized and interesting paper.

Similarities Between Christianity And Christianity

The introduction of Christianity brought forth an abrupt change to the ancient Roman Empire between 100 CE to 500 CE. Ancient Roman society before this time period was religiously devoted to polytheistic deities. The birth of Jesus and the eventual spread of Christianity brought forth many social and political changes to this society. Christianity was at first persecuted by other religions, and later it would persecute them. Although Christianity in ancient Rome shared some similarities to traditional Roman religion, it was ultimately an absolute change in the ideals and socio-political policies of the Roman Republic. Some of the ways Christianity did not completely break away from ancient Roman religions is because there were some similarities between the two. One such example is that Christianity had Hellenistic philosophical influences. As Christianity spread throughout the Mediterranean world, it was starting to be taught by people who were already educated in Greco-Roman philoso phy. These philosophies, such as stoicism, had some similarities to early Christian beliefs. Marcus Aurelias, the Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and stoic philosopher, expressed some of his personal philosophical thoughts in his notes. These notes contained philosophical thoughts such as â€Å"we need the help of fortune and the gods†1 and â€Å"love my family, truth and justice†.2 These thoughts encompass much of Christian thought, as would be stated by St. Augustine decades later, such as holding GodShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity1220 Words   |  5 PagesWhen comparing two of the world’s largest and oldest religions, Buddhism and Christianity, it is easy to find similarities and differences, even when these two religions developed thousands of miles, and 500 years apart. Both of the religions developed as reforms to existing religions (Hinduism and Judaism respectfully). Both of these religions have their founder as its cent ral figure. Yet these two religions are quite different in their ideas about life, death, the nature of man and the natureRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity1486 Words   |  6 Pagesother. I am a Christian, as is my family but I have met people of different religions. As I stated there are similarities to Christianity, but there are also vital aspects that separates this religion from all others. Christianity is based on the fact that Jesus is the Messiah and is God in the flesh. He is the Son of God. â€Å"I and the Father are one† (John 10:30, NIV). Also, Christianity is unique for their belief in heaven and hell, the belief in the Holy Trinity, we can have a personal relationshipRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity891 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham, God went up from him† . This covenant between God and Abraham would plant the seeds of Judaism and Christianity; it prophesized a great nation who would be the descendan ts of Abraham and Isaac This nation of people would be called the Jews, and with the crucifixion of Jesus this nation would become fractured into Jews and Christians. This would lead to cause contention and religions confusion for thousands of years Judaism and Christianity are both monotheistic religions that have similarRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Judaism1629 Words   |  7 PagesWith the mystical unions in both Christianity and Judaism, there are many similarities. One of these similarities is the celebration of a wedding. In the Christian tradition, the wedding is between Christ and his people. When a person gets ready to take communion, they wear their Sunday best and they have prepared themselves to receive the Lord and be united with Him. In the Jewish tradition, the wedding that is being celebrated is that of the Shekinah and the Tiferet. This union brings the cosmosRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Buddhism807 Words   |  4 Pagespreferen ces. The following is a comparison between Christianity and Buddhism. Buddhism and Christianity are both religions that have a substantial history and millions of dedicated followers throughout the world. In some ways, the two religions are similar, being based largely on the teachings of a single man; Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha in the case of Buddhism, and The Lord Jesus Christ in the case of Christianity. On the other hand there are various differences between these two religions. In the ChristianRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam993 Words   |  4 Pages Christianity and Islam are the two biggest religions that are present in the world today, with close to four billion followers combined. While Christianity and Islam actually have a lot more in common than most people think, there are still many differences to them. First, let’s start with the similarities between the two. Both religions believe that in one way or another, Jesus will return to Earth in the final days of the world to have a judgement day, in which essentially will determine if youRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1088 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant historic province where it served as the birthplace for many beliefs and religions such as Christianity and Islam. Within 600 CE to 1250 CE and 1st century to 1000 CE, Christianity and Islam began to spread. The two leading religions were very apparent in their belief in God and worship. As we seek to understand the Christian and Islam beliefs, it is important to be familiar with both the similarities and differences in the early years. The thought of death may terrify most of us, but to thoseRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1316 Words   |  6 PagesIn today’s world, the largest religion is Christianity with a 33 percent and Islam coming in second place at around 21 percent. According to the article A Common Word between Us and You Both religions make up around half of the population around the world. Islam and Christianity are collectively known as Abrahamic religions because they trace their history to the covenant God made with Abraham in the Hebrew Bible. Christianity and Islam are two of the fastest growing religions, and they bothRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Islam1409 Words   |  6 Pages Christianity and Islam were both spread in socially and economically similar and politically different. They both had an important people that role and spread of the religions. Christianity included the individuals of who believe in Jesus Christ. Christians are the flowers of the Christ who often believed is the son of the God (â€Å"the father†); Christians strongly believe that Christ will return after the next life; the end of the world. Islam consists of individuals who believe in Allah, the godRead MoreSimilarities Between Islam And Christianity997 Words   |  4 PagesIslam and Christianity are two largely wide spread religions in the world that have a great impact on their followers, especially in a spiritual manner. Because of originality, values, and unique believes in each religion, their believers respect and try to comprehend each other’s faith. With Christianity’s record 2.2 billion population and Islam’s impressive 1.6 billion population, th ey both form the bases of their countries laws and are recognized by governments all around the world. Even though

Ignorance and Air Power The Failure of U. S. Leadership...

Ignorance and Air Power: The Failure of U. S. Leadership to Properly Utilize Air Power in Vietnam Major Ted Tolman’s F-105 Thud fighter/bomber streaked through the air at just under the speed of sound. His aircraft performed modestly at best, struggling to maintain its speed and altitude under the heavy load of ordinance and fuel it carried under its wings (Patrick). Tolman, and his wingman Major Lonnie Ferguson, were en route to a rail line that served to distribute supplies from Cam Pha Harbor to enemy troops throughout North Vietnam. The harbor itself was protected from attack by orders coming directly from Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, meaning the only way to neutralize supplies coming through the harbor was to†¦show more content†¦Named Operation Rolling Thunder, it had three main goals. First, it was intended to reduce the flow of men and material from North Vietnam to the insurgents in the South; second, to send a message to the North Vietnamese, showing them that their support of the Viet Cong would be very costly; and third, to raise the morale of South Vietnamese troops (Dorschel 3). Rolling Thunder was based on the theory of strategic interdiction, which simply stated uses air power to reduce the enemy’s logistical abilities to a level below what is necessary to sustain combat operations (Dorschel 4). The most effective way to do this is to use overwhelming force to attack those targets most vital to the operation of the enemy’s military forces, including production and distribution facilities, military bases, and defense systems (Dorschel 4). When President Johnson decided that the US would take action against North Vietnam, US Air Force planners quickly put together a plan that called for the bombing of 94 targets over two weeks. The majority of the North’s industry would be destroyed in the campaign, and the distribution and transportation systems used by the North would be left in shambles (Rendall 129). Regrettably, the Air Force did not have the last word in this matter, and the plans were changed by Robert S. McNamara (Boyne 150). Johnson and McNamara vetoed the Air Force plan, choosing instead to use a concept of â€Å"flexible response† (BoyneShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagespreparing for the Marketing Planning paper in the CIM’s Diploma examinations âž ¡ Marketing practitioners who will benefit from a comprehensive review of current thinking in the field of strategic marketing planning, implementation and control. Richard M S Wilson Colin Gilligan Overview of the book’s structure 1 Introduction Stage One Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 4 MarketRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. 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Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages6.5.2.3 Critical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: StructureRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesshortages of qualified, 6 Section 1 HR Management—Strategies and Environment experienced workers. 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Life Goals And Personality Traits Of Younger People

Studies are now showing that we are living in an increasingly narcissistic society. _We live In a world where the media are ruled by a reality as fake as the body parts of some of the women, Where some people sit at the dinner table and its phones out first instead of conversing with those around them. Scrolling through your feed you might see the Kardashian sisters or your neighbors brand new luxury car. There are a few new studies comparing life goals and personality traits of younger people in college and high school today with those of other generations within the same age range, show an increase in external values. Millennials are increasingly being portrayed as narcissistic, but as well as showing a downfall on their self esteem. For many individuals, social media is a part of their daily life as a form of entertainment and interaction. Sometimes there is no need to turn on the radio or the t.v for the weather forecast when everyone on your news food suddenly becomes a meteorologist. Even current events or local news is at the tip of your fingers on your smart device. Many people may think it is just the younger generations using these smart phones, but that is not the case. â€Å"As of January 2014, 74% of adults who use the internet use social media websites† (Pew Research Center, 2014). In regards to how social networks and media affect people psychologically there is a need to define what is narcissism and what is social media. 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While many believe that personality is already developed before birth, this statement is proven to be false. â€Å"Experience untimely rewrites 90 percent of a child’s personality traits, leaving an adult

The Gibbs Reflective Cycle is Helpful to Health Practitioners

Question: Describe the Case Scenario that you have Selected to reflect on, Concentrating on main details of who was Involved, what Incident Occurred, and why the Incident Occurred. Answer: Introduction The Gibbs reflective cycle is effective in helping the health practitioners in particular to think systematically about different phases of an experience or activity (Oxford Brookes University, 2017). This is also known as learning by doing since the learner is actively involved in a particular activity that ought to be solved. This reflective cycle is comprised of six components that are explained in detail with reference to the case scenario involving staff conflict which I experienced as a student nurse. Description As a student nurse in the ward where I was attached as part of my training, I once encountered a case of insubordination that later developed into sour relations between me and other two senior nurses. The ward sister would assign duties to everyone but the problem was that these nurses who were senior to me would also assign tasks they were supposed to do to me. These senior nurses did that to me simply because they were qualified and senior but that was not supposed to be the case since I believed that I also deserved equal treatment. This case also involved the ward sister since I had to approach her to solve the conflict. Feelings My feelings were characterised by fear of many things. I had a feeling that if this kind of conflict continued unsolved, it was going to affect my performance which could lead to attainment of a poor grade. I also felt that I should approach the ward sister for resolution of this kind of conflict but I was also afraid of being victimised by these senior nurses. Since I was a student, I felt cornered because I thought I should take instructions from my seniors without questioning but I also had a feeling ha this was not the way things should operate. Evaluation After experiencing this treatment for quite a long time, one day I gathered my courage and politely approached the ward sister to register my complaint and fortunately, the response was positive. I was so much relieved that the conflict was resolved in a professional way and from that day, I enjoyed a cordial working relationship with everyone in the ward. Thus, I concur with the assertion that effective problem solving does not necessarily need to be confrontational in order to achieve the desired results (Schultz, 2007). This conflict was solved amicably without any issues or exchange of harsh words. However, at first I had a negative feeling that I will be victimised by these two nurses for reporting hem to the ward sister. Analysis This case mainly occurred simply because the two nurses mentioned above believed that since they were senior, they had a right to do what they wanted with me simply because I was a junior. Indeed, conflicts are inevitable in any organization and one good thing about them is that at times they are constructive (Werner, 2007). From my own experience, I have realised that this conflict helped to create a good working environment characterised by mutual understanding and respect. The case has also taught me that conflicts are not solved through confrontation since this can worsen the situation. Conclusion I have learnt one big lesson that when solving a conflict, you should not only focus on its effects on the parties involved but try to address the causes. According to Hewitt-Taylor (2016), after identifying a problem, it is very important to try to establish its real causes before attempting to find a solution. Actions such as trying to engage in general talk with other workmates can help to improve the outcome this case scenario since they will also be in a better position to understand your feelings which can help them to respect you. Action Plan From the lessons above, I think effective communication is very important when solving conflicts (Werner, 2007). In future, I plan to engage the person with whom I may be experiencing a problem with in dialogue to try to find common understanding before escalating the issue to the superiors. As human beings, I believe that dialogue is very effective as long as it is done in a proper way that is characterised by respect. I also intend to listen carefully to other people in future should I notice that a conflict is slowly developing so as to be able to solve it amicably without fear or favour. This helps to show respect for other peoples feelings which in turn can avoid conflicts since they are not good for human relations. References Gibbs G (1988) Learning by Doing:A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further Education Unit. Oxford Polytechnic: Oxford. Hewitt-Taylor, J. (2016). Identifying, analysing and solving problems in practice. Nursing Standard 26:40, 35-41. Retrieved from: https://journals.rcni.com/doi/abs/10.7748/ns2012.06.26.40.35.c9139 Oxford Brookes University (2017). Reflective Writing: About Gibbs reflective cycle. Retrieved from https://www.brookes.ac.uk/students/upgrade/study-skills/reflective-writing-gibbs/ Schultz, R. (2007). Human resources management. JB: Prentice Hall. Werner, J. (2007). Organizational Behavior. Cape Town: JUTA.

Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia

Table of Contents Introduction Music and Dancing Symbolism Religion Language Conclusion Works Cited Introduction The entry of Irish immigrant in Cape Breton began after the discovery of the island by John Cabot in 1497, this also saw the influx of other communities such as Scottish, French and English in the island.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, these communities and others who came afterwards have remained on the island to date. Various historical authors have given the factors why Irish immigrated to Cape Breton. The potato famine, which occurred 1840s in Ireland, is thought to be the driving factor behind their immigration. However, other historians cite that Ireland is a country that has been made up of tenants, laborers and farmers with its economic lifeline dependent on Britain. Hence, these econom ic struggles and challenges with prospects of land ownership in North America motivated them to emigrate. The Irish people carried along their culture to new lands during their emigration; hence, this became a part of their community daily life. In Cape Breton, where they settled between 1700s, they continued to practice their culture besides adopting other cultures among other communities they interacted with. This paper discusses the Irish culture in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The writer indicates that the Irish people have continued to preserve their culture over the ages, hence, this is reflected in their music and dancing, symbolism, language, religion among others. Music and Dancing Music and dancing are important elements for a human soul. Music inspires and relaxes the soul, thus bringing about happiness. Similarly, dancing is captivating and is also critical for a person’s mental and physical well-being. Thus, Irish community in Cape Breton has maintained this culture close to their heart. McGee illustrates that Irish people still embrace their traditional music on the island to date (60). Hence, common musical varieties on the island includeAdvertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Anglo-Irish folk songs, Gaelic, pipe and fiddle music among others. Also, McGee (83) indicates that Irish music is a popular among other communities on the island because it is lively and fosters passion. On a similar note, Irish dancing styles are astonishing. The Irish people have continued to uphold â€Å"Step Dancing†, a style of dancing, on the island (Hedican 319). Step dancing is where a dancer swings his/her loose ankle swiftly causing the sole of the shoe to make comical sounds. Similarly, an Irish dancer uses rigid torso and a free leg while dancing to the music rhythm. The uniqueness of Irish Music culture in the island has attracted many young people f rom other communities. Hence, most of them have emulated the music and dancing styles through learning and practicing. Besides, music and dancing culture has encouraged young people to participate in Irish competition such as Feis (Hedican 317). Feli, a form of dancing has been replicated by other cultures, such as Acadian and Scottish living in Nova Scotia. Also, the Irish communities have set aside a period where youngsters are taught about storytelling, local history and community customs. They view these aspects as a part of Irish community living culture. Thus, activities such as â€Å"Kitchen Party† or Ceilidh (a visit) are famous within the community. They provide an opportunity for sharing language, story, song, tracing family roots, and music (McGee, 94). Symbolism For ages, Irish people have revered symbols in their daily lives. They view them as a reminiscence of some phenomenon or certain important events in life. Elliott (140) points out that the most widely reco gnized symbol in the Irish community is the Celtic cross.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Irish culture in Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a symbol which was used by Irish Catholic communities in 1800s. Hedican (129) cites that the cross was significant to Irish community because it was used to decorate tombstones and jewelry among others during the celebration of Celtic culture. Presently, Houston and William (89) note that this symbol helps Irish people remember significant events in Irish-Canadian history. Also, the names also contain symbolism, which forms a significant part of Irish culture in Cape Breton. According to Houston and William (123), Irish names are unique compared to others in different cultures, thus, it is easy to differentiate them. For instance, Hedican illustrates that a person with a surname starting with O’ is always perceived as a person who has an Irish origin (319). Elliott demonstrates that another significant symbol among Irish in Cape Breton is St. Patrick (136). Irish people recognize St. Patrick as the Patron Saint of Ireland, and the onset of Christianity in Ireland, hence, this day is important for Catholics and Anglicans in residing in Cape Breton. The Irish people celebrate this day by consuming Irish bacon, cabbage and drinks. The Irish people use this day to recall their motherland and bond with their countrymen. Religion Despite some Irish joining with other religions, majority of them is largely Catholics. They follow Catholicism to connect with their native land, which is predominantly Catholics. They have also borrowed architectural styles of building churches from their native country, most catholic churches in Cape Breton bear resemblance.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Akenson (102) illustrates that this architectural designs show their strong connection with their motherland. Besides believing in Jesus Christ and Mary, they also embrace Saints. They view saints as a link or intermediaries between them and Jesus Christ, hence, the church has set aside specific days for commemorating their feasts (HoustonWilliam 1990). The Catholic adherents believe that drinking is not a bad thing because the church tolerates the act. Their culture views the act as a form of personal relaxation and reduction of frustrations. Consequently, the respect for priests and other church clergies is common among the Irish in Cape Breton (Akenson, 235). The culture of forming a person wholly is also common. This stems from the teaching and traditions of the Catholic Church. Hence, Irish people do not discriminate, favor or deny anyone, especially in their schools, hospitals and in the society as a whole. They allow everybody to benefit from their accomplishments (Akenson, 3 12). Language Elliott illustrates that Cape Breton is a multicultural island with many diversities from different parts of the world (143). Hence, language spoken in the island has contributed to its outstanding uniqueness. Irish language in Cape Breton reflects its widespread culture in the island. It is taught in communities and in institutions of higher learning such as universities. Similarly, language conventions and immersion weekends are common, where Irish language is spoken. Elliott (123)cites that literature supporting Irish is also available in the island. It supports people who want to learn the language and offers guidance on spelling and pronunciation. Conclusion Irish people in Cape Breton have preserved their culture to present. Despite facing changes due to the different factors, such as globalization, the community has endeavored to protect its traditional culture which is evident in music and dance, symbolism, religion, language and others. This preservation has e nsured continuity and preserved history for future generations. Works Cited Akenson, Donald H. Small Differences: Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants, 1815– 1922, 1991. Print Elliott, Bruce S. Irish Migrants in the Canada’s: A New Approach, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988. Print Hedican, Edward J. â€Å"What Determines Family Size? Irish Farming Families in Nineteenth-Century Ontario,† Journal of Family History, (2006): 315-334. Print Houston, Cecil Jand William J Smyth.Irish Emigration and Canadian Settlement. Patterns, Links and Letters, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1990. Print McGee, Thomas D’Arcy. A History of the Iriih Settlers in North America, Baltimore, Genealogical Publishing, 1982. 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An Overview of the PerformaMembers of the Brass Family essays

An Overview of the PerformaMembers of the Brass Family essays 1. A Brief History of the Brass Family pg. 2-7 2. The Harmonic Series, Ranges, and Intonation pg. 7-12 3. The Breathing Process pg. 13-14 8. Transpositions and Clefs pg. 23-24 10. Mutes Brass instruments have been in use for over three thousand years, however the greatest achievements in design have occurred in the past three hundred years (Colwell and Goolsby 347). Originally, brasses were of varied shape and composition (bone, assorted metals, wood, etc.), and sounded only the natural harmonics of the tube (375). Chromatic notes were only available in the extreme upper harmonics of the instrument (Yates, History). This type of instrument is seen in the military bugle, a single tube-shaped trumpet with no valves or keys (Villanueva 1). As the complexity of music increased through the Medieval and Renaissance periods of music, composers and performers began to look for ways to increase the availability of pitches for the brasses (Ericson, Why). Three breakthroughs in brass design in this period were: the addition of crooks, or extra loops of tubing added to the instrument; adding keys to the tubing (like a woodwind); and the slide (Yates, History). Crooks added to the instrument extra length that altered the harmonic series of the instrument (higher or lower in overall pitch), which in turn allowed the performer to play in extended keys (Ibid.). The crooks were in use throughout the 19th century, but have been replaced by valves (Ibid.). The keyed bugle, invented in 1760 by Kolbel of St. Petersburg, was a hybrid of woodwind and brasswind technology (Colwell and Goolsby 376). The keys were placed along the length of the bugle and when opened they changed the tones of the instrument (Villanueva 7). Haydn and Hu mmel both composed concertos for the keyed bugle (Ibid.). The slide mechanism was developed for the slide trumpet...